Geothermal Resources of Dagestan, the Experience and Technology of Their Development

Dagestan is one of the pioneers in matter of analysis and industrial development of geothermal resources in Russia. Despite lacking obvious volcanism, mountain-filled Dagestan is rather rich in thermomineral sources and geothermal anomalies (Ahti, Hnov, Richalsy, Giljar, Berikey, Duzlak, Alchadjikent, Kayjakent, Adgi, Istisy, Miatli, Hzanor etc.). In premountain-flat Dagestan by drilling in gas-oil reservoirs and the thermal waters are reconnoitered with forecast estimation of resources of a field of low mineralized (3-15 g/l) thermal waters with temperature 50-105°С: Makhachkala, Izberbach, Kayjakent, Kizlar, Tarumovka, Jurkovka, Kargalinskoe, B.Areshevka, Rechninskoe, Kardonovka, Terekli-Mekteb and Chervlenie Buruni. Since 1963, the thermal waters have been utilized widely with considerable economical and ecological effect for a central heating, ardent water facilities, sanatoriumbalnealogical purposes and bottling of medical-restaurants mineral waters ("Deneb", "Richalsy", "Makhachkala-160", "Sarmatskaya", "Kardonovka" etc.). Designs and methods of boring and exploitation of geothermal wells, including acclinal and horizontal drilling will fractionally be realised in production. The original minings on transforming a geothermal energy in calorific both electric and heat supply systems on the basis of geothermal circulating systems, original plutonic heat exchangers and with usage of heat pumps for lowand mean potential hydrothermal resources are executed.